Knowledge of Motivational Theories for Better Management

Introduction In their existences, organizations and companies are constantly being pressured by the competitive forces around them to increase their productivity and raise their performance levels.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Knowledge of Motivational Theories for Better Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is especially the case in the present day business environment which is rife with aggressive behavior and rampant competition which force businesses to look for innovative means to give them a competitive advantage therefore assure that they are not forced out of the market. In this environment, the role of management is more important than ever. Managers are the people who are taxed with the role of marshalling the human resource in the organization for its growth and expansion. For the manager to be of greatest benefit to the organization, he/she must be able to obtain optimum resu lts from his/her staff. This can be obtained through various means amongst which is the possession of exemplary leadership skills by the manager. However, the manager must also possess sound theoretic knowhow on relevant subjects which should then be converted to practical application. This paper shall set out to argue that sound in-depth knowledge of motivational theory by the manager will in fact enable him/her to be a better manager. This paper shall reinforce this assertion by highlighting a number of motivational theory and how knowledge of the same can be exploited by the manager for higher productivity. Use of Motivational Theories in Management Motivation is defined as a â€Å"process of stimulating people to action to accomplish desired goals† (Kondalkar 2002, p.245). Bearing in mind the fact that the manager is tasked with marshaling the organization’s resources to accomplish some organizational goal, it can be rightfully stated that part of the role of the m anager is to motivate his staff to achieve certain desired goals. It is the role of the manager to ensure that the employees have a high degree of motivation in their performance. One of the motivation theories that a manager can utilize is the Expectancy Theory. Chapman and Hopwood (2007, p.120) state that the expectancy theory as proposed by Vroom assumes that individuals choose intended actions, effort levels and occupations that â€Å"maximize their expected pleasure and minimize their expected pain, consistent with hedonism†. Expectancy theory asserts that a person’s individual motivational force is a function of their expectancy. In other words, the probability that one’s effort will result in a first-level outcome will result in the person being motivated to act in a certain manner.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By following this theo ry, the manager should therefore strive to demonstrate to the employee that the outcomes they seek are achievable. Once the individual believes that performing at a particular level will result in the attainment of the desired outcome, he/she will increase him performance level therefore benefiting himself as well as the organization. Arguably the most influential motivational theory is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. This theory as proposed by Abraham Maslow states that human needs can be viewed as a hierarch and people are constantly ascending from the lowest to the highest and when one set of needs is satisfied, it ceases to be a motivator to the individual. A manager who understands Maslow’s theory can adopt a systematic approach in motivating his subordinates. The manager will understand that the needs of the workers who are at different levels will differ significantly. For example, the newly employed worker who is working at a low level will be more concerne d about his basic needs and will want minimal rewards. However, once the same worker has secured these physiological needs, they will cease to motivate him and the manager will have to come up with other motivators for the employers. By understanding this theory, a manager will be aware that for some of the employees, social needs are the motivator and this being the case the manager will seek motivators that are relevant to the particular employees. There are various aspects that one has to take into consideration when motivating employees. The two factor theory of motivation advanced by Frederick Herzberg suggests that job satisfaction has two dimensions which include hygiene factors which are work conditions and the motivation factors which include work incentives (Griffin 2007, p.296). A manager who has knowledge of this knowledge will realize that for motivation to be achieved, two particular angles must be considered. The hygiene factors which include working conditions, super visors, pay security and interpersonal relations must not be deficient. The motivation factors which include achievement and recognition, advancement and growth and responsibility must be present since these are the factors that create a drive in the employee. Most people are bound to compare their performances to that of other people in the same situation that they are in. This is also the case in the work environment where the employees constantly compare themselves with employees both within and outside of the organization.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Knowledge of Motivational Theories for Better Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The manager who is conversant with the Equity theory will be in a better position to manage his workforce and maximize their performance. The Equity theory is a social comparison theory which states that a balance of outputs to inputs is the goal that employe es are motivated to achieve (Pynes 2008, p.153). Knowledge of such a theory will enable a manager to be better at his job since he will seek to ensure that employees do not feel like they are under rewarded. Pynes (2008, p.154) highlights that an employee who feels that the ration of outcomes to inputs are equal is likely to be satisfied with the exchange relationship he/she has with his employer. However, if the employer has a perception of inequity and he feels that he/she is giving more and the outcome is less, the person can reduce his input efforts. This will hurt the organization since success can only be achieved if each employee is performing optimally. A manager who is well versed with this motivational theory will ensure that at any one time, the employees perceive the ration of their inputs being equal to the outcomes that they obtain from the organization. Without any in-depth knowledge on motivational theories, a manager is most likely to rely on the basic idea of rewar ds and punishments to achieve the goals that he desires. A study by Frey and Jegen (2001, p.591) reveals that monetary incentives and punishments may have the undesirable effect of crowding-out intrinsic motivation under some conditions. A manager who does not know this will only seek to motivate his workforce by offering incentives which may have the effect of reducing the intrinsic motives. According to Frey and Jegen (2001, p.591), some people are intrinsically motivated to perform an activity without receiving any apparent reward for it except for the activity itself. With this in mind, the manager can improve his managing skills by increasing the quality of work for the workers since this is all that some employees need to be motivated to give favorable performances. It is the role of the manager to come up with a vision and communicate the same to the employees so as to give them a sense of purpose and meaning. As such, the average manager will come up with a goal that he expe cts his employees to follow. The manager may com up with goals that are unchallenging, unclear or even unattainable by his workforce. Knowledge of the Goal-setting theory advanced by Locke will ensure that the manager does not get into such pitfalls. Pynes (2008, p.155) states that according to the Goal setting theory, high performance results from clear expectations. With such knowledge, a manager will set specific task goals for his employees and ensure that these goals are challenging, clear and attainable.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition to this, the manager will realize that the goals may need to change in time since the same goals that were challenging and achievable in the past year may be unchallenging or unachievable for the next year. With such considerations, this manager who has an in-depth knowledge of this motivational theory will challenge his employees therefore bringing about positive results for the organization. Conclusion This paper set out to demonstrate how in-depth knowledge of motivational theory can help someone become a better manager. To this end, this paper has argued that knowledge of the various motivational theories can help a manager achiever his prime role which is to ensure the effective and efficient utilization of resources that are available to an organization for higher profitability to be achieved. This paper has shown how the decisions made by the manager can be enhanced by an in depth knowledge of motivational theories. It has also been shown that a lack of knowledge in motivational theories will greatly hamper the operations of the manager in inciting the best performances from the employees. From this paper, it can be authoritatively stated that knowledge and application of motivational theories makes someone a better manager. References Chapman, SC Hopwood, GA 2007, Handbook of management accounting research, Elsevier. Frey, BS Jegen R 2001, â€Å"Motivation Crowding Theory†, Journal of economic surveys vol. 15, no.5. Griffin, RW 2007, Fundamentals of management, Cengage Learning. Kondalkar, PF 2002, Organization effectiveness and change management, PHI learning Pvt. Ltd. Koontz, H Weihrich, H 2006, Essentials of management, McGraw-Hill. Pynes, JE 2008, Human resources management for public and nonprofit organizations: A strategic approach, John Wiley and Sons. This critical writing on Knowledge of Motivational Theories for Better Management was written and submitted by user Zavier N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Andrew Jackson

Andrew Jackson greatly revolutionized the role and power of the presidency by uniting the executive branch, altering the perceived face of the President, introducing personal power into the office, and controlled the presidency for a third of a century. Before him, the executive branch was a group divided, unsure of their function and their superiors. Before him, the President was identified with Congress, merely another part of the buearocracy. Before him, the office of President fulfilled only that which was specifically stated in the Constitution to be their duty. Before him, every four years there was a true battle for the fate of the highest government office in America. Andrew Jackson was born on 1767, in a log cabin. This later became a subject of pride for Americans who voted for him. He was orphaned at 14, his poor Scottish-Irish parents killed. He was a self-made man, becoming rich through farming and practicing law. In spite of his humble beginnings, he never was a champion for the common man, although people thought he was. It is necessary to know these things; that Jackson struggled against adversity from the beginning of his life, to understand Old Hickory and what effect he had on the presidencys role. Prior to Old Hickory, the Secretary of the Treasury was an ambiguous office. Those who filled it were never sure just who exactly was their superior, the President or Congress. Most chose Congress, and so the Secretary of the Treasury became a spy for Congress in the Presidents Cabinet. Andrew Jackson didnt cotton to this divided group; he told one of his Secretaries of the Treasury plainly that he was merely a subordinate of the President. This resolution of a problem that had plagued previous Presidents was just one of the ways he unified his branch of the government, strengthening it. On another occasion, when a corpse showed up floating in the N...

In report format, prepare a services marketing mix (people, process, Essay

In report format, prepare a services marketing mix (people, process, physical evidence) for the service offering on which you based assignment one - Essay Example It will provide the firm opportunities and to reduce the impact of threats. In this case, Holiday inn Hotel has to make adjustment of the traditional 4Ps marketing mix that entails product, price, promotion, and place and adopt more Ps, which include process, physical evidence, and people to achieve its marketing objectives. Useful marketing objectives must be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely (SMART) (Wilson and Gilligan, 2004). The marketing objectives should be based on the situational evaluation of the environment of the company (Lambin, et.al. 2007). In this case, Holiday Inn should use its strengths to eradicate its weaknesses and respond to threats in the industry (Doyle and Stern, 2006). Moreover, marketing objectives should aim at exploiting market opportunities that will enable the company compete efficiently and attain a higher market share in the industry (Kotler, and Keller, 2011). The first marketing objective of Holiday Inn should be to enhance its presence in the upcoming markets such as China and Dubai by 15 percent in the next five years. The Asian market offers abundant growth and profitability opportunities due the high growth in consumer revenues, good infrastructure and growth in tourism numbers; therefore Holiday Inn should expand its presence in those markets. The hotel brand has huge financial resources and human talent thus it is possible to use its learning experience in the hospitality market to attain high market share in Asia (Ariffin and Maghzi, 2012). The second marketing objective for Holiday Inn is to increase the current bed occupancy by 25 percent in the next five years. The goal is specific and attainable since the global tourism travel numbers are increasing while the wealthy global economy will lead to a rise in international business travel. Previous research by Bowie and

The Impact of Leadership on the Growth and Performance Research Paper

The Impact of Leadership on the Growth and Performance - Research Paper Example Issues such as cultural values combined with the personal experiences of the individual have a profound influence on all the aspects that the above-mentioned topic tends to deal with. Above all, the individual personality of the leader cum moderator is another aspect that goes a long way in determining the extent of success that the group can experience by way of one’s actions. In fact, all these theories have functioned as the basis for the theory of the upper echelon over a number of decades and have been based on the principle of bounded rationality. One of the many such places where leadership is nurtured and inspired from a very young age is at our very day care centres, where inspired yet simple leaders take the responsibility of bringing together young minds and leaders of tomorrow under a common roof and teach them the importance of thinking, motivation and self-confidence and instil the notion of participation and group work right from an early age. As such, the proposed research study aims to evaluate all these three theories that are considered as the primary elements of leadership at a daycare center (David Ketchen, 2006). The reasons behind choosing such a topic are deemed important as it allows me to relate my experiences as a daycare worker over a period of 2 decades in using leadership to foster growth and involvement amongst children. Speaking specifically, there are a number of different elements that assist a worker within a daycare center to influence and shape the strategic direction of the group (of children), thus providing a direct impact on the performance and growth of all children within this group. The first and the foremost step in this process is to ensure the collective participation of every child and take the right decisions depending on the level of response from every child  and the ability in these responses by instilling the faith in every child over their relevance and importance to the success of the group.  

Film "Fight Club" Analyze Research Paper

Film "Fight Club" Analyze - Research Paper Example stead, of shedding light on these critical issues in the society, events in these films often trivialize them, with certain stylized aesthetics that brings out the cynisms, irony as well as excessive violence. In most cases, the kinds of films exhibited in these films often turns to senseless pathology, brutality as well as a certain kind of indifference to the sufferings that people face (Wartenberg 42). This kind of violent representations ends up becoming the starting point of political commentary. This paper examines the aspects of violence and how it is represented differently in the film, focusing on how masculinity influences various occurrences in the society represented. The theme of violence represented in â€Å"fight Club† indicates the most crucial role played by most of films at the Hollywood. Besides playing the entertainment role, films composed in this kind of approach act as important public pedagogues through articulation of knowledge to its particular effects. In this case, it purposely attempts to influence the manner in which knowledge and other forms of social identities are established within limited ranges of effective social relations (Ndalianis 51). It is important to realize that these forms of violence and masculinity are described as being radically indeterminate according to their particular meaning. Any kind of meanings that are determined by the respecting factors are supposed to be prescribed by the text itself and not any other ways. â€Å"Fight Club† attempts to bridge the gap existing between public and the private discourses while at the same time bringing about values and ideologies that effectively resonates within the private conversations (Wartenberg 43). Reading or watching a film like â€Å"fight club† in specific terminologies indicates how it establishes particular notions relating to urgency where members of the white working and middle class are given the opportunity to view themselves as being oppressed and without

Effects of students attitude on their performance

Effects of students attitude on their performance In a developing country like Pakistan, education is considered most important factor in the advancement of a nation. The role of students in developing a country is huge. You cant expect a country to develop if it doesnt have literate people. These students who are studying would be working tomorrow. They would be working for the public, private sector etc. These students, if perform well, can serve as pillars, the country would be standing on in future. And there are several factors which, if identified can improve students performance. In my views among all factors, attitude has a powerful impact on students performance. As Winston Churchill quotes Attitude is a little thing that makes a big difference. Earl Nightingale said that a great attitude does much more than turn on the lights in our worlds; it seems to magically connect us to all sorts of serendipitous opportunities that were somehow absent before the change. Attitudes are generally positive or negative views about person, place, thing, or event-in brief attitudes are judgments. They develop on the ABC model (affect, behavior, and cognition). The behavioral intention is a verbal indication or typical behavioral tendency of an individual. The cognitive response is a cognitive evaluation of the entity that constitutes an individuals beliefs about the object. Most attitudes are the result of either direct experience or observational learning from the environment. Students can increase their performance if they are told that their faulty or negative attitudes are influencing their GPAs badly. The primary objective of this study is to prove to the less scoring students that they can increase their performance by changing their negative attitudes like their beliefs, behaviors or thinking. Most of the students that are unable to perform well thinks that its just the fault of their dumb minds but they do not consider their own attitudes that are significantly affecting their performance. My objective is to prove to them that bringing a change in their faulty attitudes can increase their performance, as those students who have positive attitudes are able to score high. In this way overall class will be performing better and this will * HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: STUDENTS PERFORMANCE: Students performance or their success is greatly linked with their attitudes i.e their beliefs, feelings or behaviors. Harry F.Bank has quoted that for success, attitude is equally as important as ability. Funmi Wale-Adegbite has stressed more as he said that Success is 80% attitude and 20% aptitude. Sterling W. Sill said that everything depends on attitude. We get good grades or poor grades, it depends on our attitude. Thomas Jefferson say that Nothing can stop the man with the right mental attitude from achieving his goal; nothing on earth can help the man with the wrong mental attitude. H1= Students performance greatly depends upon attitude. STUDENTS ATTITUDE: Attitude is Evaluative statements of judgment concerning objects, people or events. There are three components of attitude that are as follows: Cognitive Attitude: The opinion or belief segment of an attitude Effective Attitude: The emotional or feelings segment of an attitude Behavioral Components: An intention to behave in a certain way towards someone or something. Students performance is affected by all three components. Belief segment of attitude influences students performance significantly as Michael Korda said To succeed, we must first believe that we can. H2= There is positive and significant relationship between Cogniti0n, attitude and students performance Emotions play an important part in our lives, and even more so in self-improvement. Often times, successful people are those who know how to take control of their emotions and use it to their benefit- Ethan Beh H3= Affective component plays an important role in determining attitude and influences performance significantly. When you change your behavior, you change your performance. Author Unknown, from by changing your thinking. Kirby, Winston et al. (2002) focused on students impatience (his time-discount behavior) that influences his own academic performance. H-4= Attitude relies on behavioral segment as well. MODEL: Attitude Students performance Behavioral component Affective component Cognitive component This model shows that attitude significantly effects performance. In this model students performance is an independent variable and attitude is a dependent variable. Whereas cognitive, affective and behavioral are the components of attitude. METHODOLOGY: SAMPLE: As sample we had taken students of MBA 2nd and 3rd semester that are 90 in total. In order to fill questionnaires, Students were selected randomly. 25 questionnaires were made and all were utilized. PREPARATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE: Questionnaire comprised of thirteen questions in total. First question was regarding their performance i.e. GPA in previous semester. It had three options that are 2.5-3.0, 3.0-3.5, and 3.5-4.0. Rest twelve questions were regarding attitude i.e four questions from each component. Every question had three options yes, no and sometimes. PROCEDURE: After questionnaires were filled. We counted the no. of students choosing each option. We also counted the student falling in each category of performance. After it was done we made table showing overall calculations. We also calculated percentages regarding result of each question and also made pie charts for convenience purpose. The purpose of doing all this was to show that good performers have comparatively good attitudes and vice versa. RESULT AND DISCUSSION: Following is the result of first question that was meant to checkout students performance. QUESTIONS 2.4-3.0 3.0-3.5 3.5-4.0 1.GPA in previous semester 11 9 5 *Q.2-Q.5, Q.6-Q.9, Q.10-Q.13 YES NO SOMETIMES 2.Do you feel good about your subjects? 60 30 10 3.Do you feel bad when your friend gets good marks? 40 52 8 4.Do you feel your teacher is competent? 68 20 12 5.Do you feel bored when your teacher delivers lecture? 52 33 15 6.Do you irritate your teacher intentionally by asking silly questions? 24 60 16 7.Do you dream during class? 48 45 7 8.Are you in a habit of producing different sounds during lecture? 52 32 16 9.Do you misbehave in class? 44 50 6 10.Do you perceive that teachers attention is directed towards specific students as favoritism or biasness? 44 40 16 11.Do you perceive that your subjects are challenging? 48 36 16 12.Do you feel your teacher deducts your marks intentionally? 24 64 12 13.Do you feel your outcome is less than the efforts you are putting in? 56 40 4 In beginning of questionnaire development, I set the performance standard. Students falling in GPA 3.0 were considered poor performers or weak students. Those between 3.0-3.5 were labeled good whereas above that GPA were categorized as brilliant students. As in fig. 1 the results showed that 44% students lie in weak category.36% are good students whereas only 20% are brilliant performers. Fig.1 Now our intention was to check up the feelings or affective part of students attitude. So we asked them that do they like their subjects and the result is depicted as follows: Fig.2: We got a higher percentage of students who had a positive attitude towards their chosen subjects. But at the same time there were 30% students who had not actually liked there subjects. Means the problem with attitude of some students was that they didnt feel good about their subjects. There can be many possible reasons to this. But overall affect it had was on their performance. Our third question was directly looking up for sign of jealousy (a highly negative feeling) in students. It straightly asked them that do they feel jealous when any friend gets good marks and the results are shown through pie chart i.e. Fig.3 The result clearly showed that there are a lot of jealous students in class. Jealousy is a form of negative attitude and is related to the feeling or affective segment. This was a big reason for a high percentage of low scoring students in class. it is very important for a student to feel good about his/her teacher and feel that teacher is competent. But when they were asked about their feeling about competence of their professor, 40 percent felt that the teacher is incompetent. Its a fairly high percentage. And clearly told the reason for bad performance of students in exams. Results to the question that do they feel bored during lecture directly favored my hypothesis. Next four questions were aimed at faulty attitudes regarding behaviors. By the results of our next question, we found out that students biggest problem lies with their behavior in class. It was because 60% students admitted that they irritate their teacher intentionally by asking silly questions. We had observed that the backbenchers of our class produce different sounds during lecture in order to interrupt or tease the teacher. So we thought to include this question also. Surprisingly students were honest enough to admit that they are in habit of producing different sounds during lecture. 52% marked yes to this question. Overall result to this question is shown in fig. There were many i.e. 44% who even admitted that they misbehave in class. And the result was this: Attitudes major and equally important component is cognitive component. Here we included last four questions, which purely dealt with students believes or opinions. Our first question regarding cognition was that do they perceive that teacher favors specific students and the answer were: Our thinking can affect our performance sign -ANALYSIS As it is clear from our results that the results show what was intended. The students who try and make progress in there studies with positive attitude are always successful while those who are negative in there behavior are more concerned about the negative outcomes which lead to there failure. The results of the questionnaire are also same as intended. -OVERALL DISCUSSION CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: -HYPOTHESIS WAS THIS -MY RESULT WAS THIS -COMPARE UR CONCLUSION WITH ANYONES -RECOMMENDATIONS

Chemistry- Collision Theory :: essays research papers

.Experiment for Chemistry Coursework For this investigation I am looking at how the concentration of acid can change the reaction and how I can explain this using collision theory. My Prediction: I predict that the greater amount of concentration the faster the reaction will take place. Therefore, particles in the two compounds will collide faster. Due to my prediction if it is correct, I expect to see the cross on the paper disappear faster. As I already know that increasing one quantity will speed up the reaction as the particles are more likely to collide. In this investigation several measures will need to be done to make sure that the results I get will be precise. From the planed method I can work out what will need to be done to achieve the best results possible. I will also need to think about what other factors may vary my results to someone else’s and how this could be improved. Equipment Needed:  · Beaker  · Test-tube  · Piece of paper with a cross on  · 25ml ² of Sodium Phiosulphate  · 5ml ² of Hydrochloric Acid Factors about the equipment that may affect the results: The amount of one particular quantity, or concentration of the acid. The type of acid that was used may either slow down or speed up the reaction. Also, another factor maybe that the time it take until I begin to start the stopwatch. To control the problem of affecting results I would have to swirl the mixture for e.g.: every 2 seconds. However, this would have to be done in every type of concentration and experiment. Diagram of method: Method: Draw a cross on a piece of paper and place a beaker on top of the paper. This is because once the cross disappears I know the reaction has completed as the compounds have now become one solution. Secondly, measure as accurately as possible 25ml ² of Sodium Phiosulphate and 5ml ² of Hydrochloric acid. Thirdly, pour the measured amount of Sodium Phiosulphate into the beaker and then add the Hydrochloric acid. Once this is added start the timer. Finally, once the cross has completely disappeared stop the clock and make a not of the time it took for the mixture to become one. NOTE: This procedure was produced with different concentrations. This was so that I could see whether the concentration had an affect on experiment’s time limit. Results: Before doing our experiment we saw a trail run on the computer known as:

Pacific Northwest History Essay

This paper will present, and ultimately prove that the Pacific Northwest of the United States has undergone economic, racial, environmental, and political changes due to events such as World War II, the emigration of people from the Midwestern U. S. , etc. The Pacific Northwest of the United States has for generations been a land that provided the substances that the rest of the country needed in order to survive and thrive. From the times of the earliest explorers to the region, throughout the 1800s, the economy of this region relied on the production of raw materials and natural products, such as lumber, produce, fresh fish, and the like, leading experts on the area to refer to the Northwest as â€Å"the hinterland† of the U. S. (Schwantes). This economic model changed drastically with the outbreak of World War II, which led to the Northwest becoming a center of aircraft production, shipbuilding, and other industries related to the war effort, but different from the traditional products that came from the region. Forces at work in the Region to Cause or Fuel a Changing Economy Having the luxury of viewing the history of the Pacific Northwest in retrospect over the past century or so, speaking in general terms, there were several major forces at work which ultimately caused, or fueled a changing economy. While these forces are explained in greater detail in subsequent sections of this paper, they warrant identification and a brief explanation at this point to set the stage for the research that follows. In no particular order, the forces that facilitated the changing economy of the Pacific Northwest are as follows: ENVIRONMENTAL- The eventual industrial development of the Northwest changed the environment, depleting many natural resources, such as the timber, precious metals, and fish that helped the people of the Northwest to provide for them and export these natural products worldwide. However, once these resources were exhausted, the region was forced to turn to manufacturing of durable goods to sustain themselves, such as the many products the region turned out in support of the campaigns of World War II. ETHNIC- Events that transpired during the World War II area changed the racial composition of the Pacific Northwest, with its effects being felt even today. To be more specific, when the United States was forced into World War II as a result of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the fighting was focused mostly on the Pacific Ocean area, which made the Northwest highly important logistically for the American troops, and launched a massive war industry, including aircrafts, ships, and soldier supplies. What this industrialization did for the region was to draw people from the rural areas to live in cities, making the region more urban than rural, and likewise attracting minorities from other parts of the nation, changing the ethnic composition of the region as a whole. Additionally, the movement of Americans from the â€Å"dustbowl† of the Midwest to the lush and fertile lands of the Northwest brought new cultures, traditions and hard working people to the region. POLITICAL- Because of the move of many people from a rural to an urban environment, and the increased presence of minorities and the Americans who came from the Midwest, the attitudes and value systems of the region changed, as reflected in voting patterns and political attitudes which now focused on urban issues such as poverty, crime, and social programs, whereas the previous rural way of life focused more on environmental concerns and the like. ECONOMIC- The proliferation of industry in the Pacific Northwest, beginning in the era of World War II, changed the economy from a natural/agricultural one to a largely industrial one. These changes were not all generated from within; rather, they often took place as a result of forces beyond the Northwest. Those forces are identified and discussed in the next portion of the research.

Brightness Falls essays

Brightness Falls essays Jay McInerneys novel Brightness Falls portrays the life of a young middle class couple in pursuit of attaining the American dream in urban America in the 1980s. The novel follows the couple, Russell and Corrine Calloway, as well as their friends in their middle and upper class social circles, as they struggle with such social issues as adultery, drug addiction, ambition, corruption, and failure. McInerney uses literary elements such as setting to develop the novels plot and to portray an accurate social satire on middle and upper class America. The most prominent settings used to depict character conflict and development, moods, and themes are New York, St. Maarten, and the Hamptons. Each of these settings helps define thematic topics and examines the development of each character in relation to their environment. The main setting in Brightness Falls is New York City, where the Calloways live in their small, but fashionable one bedroom apartment. In New York, Corrine works as a stock broker on Wall Street, while Russell works as a publisher for Corbin and Dern. Russell and Corrine are viewed by their friends as the impenetrable golden couple, whos love would never die. However, as the novel progresses their love and trust for each other slowly disintegrates because of the corruption of life in New York City. Corrine and Russell had been married for five years. Theyd known each other eight years before that, having met in college. Their friends viewed them as savvy pioneers of the matrimonial state, as if they had homesteaded one of those formerly marginal areas of the city into which the fashion-conscious were just now beginning to follow. In the years theyd lived in New York, their East Side apartment had become a supper club for their less settled acquaintances, a sort of model unit for those thinking of buying into the neighborhood of matrimony. For the recently conjoined, it was a sa...

Essay Mail and Sheridan Garden supply

Essay Mail and Sheridan Garden supply Essay Mail and Sheridan Garden supply Assignment-1 Prepared By: Tajinder Mann, Student #: 991055825, And Amritpal Singh Heir, Student#: 991332391 Course Name: SYST39409 Instructor: Jerry KotubaCONTEXT DIAGRAM EVENT TABLE Event Trigger Source Activity Response Destination Customer mails the order Company Receives the order Customer Process The Order List Of Goods Requested Customer Company wants to send catalogue to customers It is one year since catalogue is mailed Mailing List Mailing a catalogue Catalogue Customer Company wants to deposit money in Bank Time(Everyday) Deposit Slip Deposit to bank Confirmation Bank Create Catalogue Company requires catalogues Card file Create catalogues Copies of catalogue Sheridan Garden Supply USE CASE DIAGRAM USE CASE NARRATIVE Use Case: Process Order Main Flow: Customer fills the order form with payment info. He mails form to Company. Company receives order. Checks availability. Company assembles goods and mails to customer. Order form is retained on file. Exceptions: If goods are not available then customer has a choice not to buy or put the items in back-ordered items. . Use Case: Mail Catalogue Main Flow: Mailing list is updated with new customers. Customers are obtained from mailing list. Catalogues are sent to customers. Exceptions: If the copies are short then Plantshot is given the task of creating catalogues. Use Case: Create Catalogue Main Flow: Company sends card file to Plantshot. Plantshot creates catalogues. It prints the required number of copies. It sends the copies to Sheridan Garden Supply. Exceptions: If the copies are not in required quantity then additional copies are requested. Use Case: Deposit to Bank Main Flow: Customers send the cheques or credit card info. Customer payments are listed in deposit slip. The payments are deposited in bank. Exceptions: If the information is not correct customer is requested to send the payments details again. USE CASE DIAGRAM PROCESS ORDER MAIL CATALOGUE CREATE CATALOGUE DEPOSIT MONEY

Leaman brother Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leaman brother - Research Paper Example ublish its financial statement so when the financial statements were released to the public, the financial statements may depict that the bank had money and was paying its debtors (Hallman 1). Once a period of seven or less days had passed and the account statements were published, the bank repurchased sold assets. Anton Valukas was assigned the duty of look into the matter of Lehman Brother and unearth the reasons for its fall down. Valukas states that the Repo 105 transaction was first reported by Mathew Lee who was an employee of Lehman. Lee started by reporting the transactions to the management of Lehman and later reported the findings to the organization’s auditing firm, Ernst & Young and no actions were taken (Hallman 1). Once the firm could no longer indulge in Repo 105, it had to start depicting that it was highly leveraged and did not have money to pay off its debt and ultimately the bank filed for bankruptcy. Due to this several stakeholders had to experience material as well as emotional losses. The main stakeholders who were negatively impacted included the companies that had lent money to the bank, the shareholders of the bank and its employees. When the company went bankrupt there were more than 25000 employees working for them and a major percentage of them had to experience unemployment and social and psychological associated with it (Corelli 326). Furthermore, the shareholders had to lose their money since the company was not performing well and it has been recorded that due to the fall down of the company around $10 trillion funds were injected out of the equity markets (Corelli 326). It is believed but not yet proven that the CPA firm called Ernst & Young (E&Y) was involved in the financial fraud conducted by Lehman Brother. They are said to have been involved in the cover-up of this fraud. Due to these allegations against the CPA firm several civil lawsuits were filed against the firm after the collapse of Lehman Brothers. These lawsuits

The psychology of South African's acceptance of segregation Thesis

The psychology of South African's acceptance of segregation - Thesis Example cial education has been launched to cater to learners that are under the classification poverty, health problems, nutrition, street children and children who are affected by the impact of HIV/Aids, discrimination is clearly seen in this aspect, in addition to that, this project resulted to facilities and learning tool problems. (Eloff & Kqwete, 2007). Statistics shows that South Africa’s population by race shows that 79.6% are Africans, 9.1% Whites, the Coloured population is 8.9% and finally the Indian/Asian population is 2.5%. (South Africa’s population) Africans has the greater percentage of the population. That proves their greatness in number yet discrimination in social aspects still exist in their own land because of the lack of values of social policies and equal rights. Discrimination in South Africa is also classified not only by race but social status as well. Before, the Aparthied, taken from the word â€Å"separateness† is a policy in racial segregation that was followed in South Africa. The Aparthied gave limited rights to the African people. But before this policy was put in place, racial segregation and white supremacy ruled. The majority of Africans opposed these restrictions. Aparthied was continuously been criticized internationally. In 1990, the president F.W de Klerk formally proclaimed that Aparthied is put to an end. Today discrimination still exists and there has been continuous efforts and protest to put an end to it. Africans have suffered from a long history of discrimination, and this clearly shows that violation in human rights has been visible in many aspects in the society like education, housing rights, status and race. Although numerous efforts and protest from both social groups and the government tried to eliminate the existence of discrimination in South Africa, it is still visible in a lot of aspects in the society. Africans think that the aspect of race in South Africa should not determine the capability and hinder